A. Read the following passage on Nepal.

a. Known as the Land of Everest, Nepal is one of the most charming countries in Asia. The Kingdom of Nepal is a small land of sublime beauty. It has some of the world's best and very important temples. It is a country that is rich in scenic beauty and cultural heritage.

b. Nepal lies between India and the Tibetan part of China. This small country has an area of 147,181 square kilometers. Southern Nepal is tropical low land known as the Terai Plains. This part of Nepal has hot summers and warm winters. Here the temperatures reach up to 40°C in April and May and monsoon rains drench this region from June to September. The central hill-lands including the Kathmandu and Pokhara valleys have a temperate climate and are also influenced by the monsoon, North of that is the slope of the main section of the Himalayan range. This part of Nepal has some of the highest peaks of the world including Everest.

c. Nepal is home to nearly 29,000,000 people. The population is primarily rural.Kathmandu, the capital city, has less than one million inhabitants. Nepal's demographic features are complicated not only by dozens of ethnic groups, but by different castes. In total, there are 103 castes and ethnic groups living in this small country. The two largest of such groups are known as Chetri and Bahun. Others include Magar, Tharu and Tamang, Newar, Muslim, Gurung and Damai. About 48 percent of the people speak Nepali. Among other languages spoken are Maithali, Bhojpuri, Tharu and Tamang.

d. Nepal is the holy land of Lord Pashupatinath and Gautam Buddha where the Hindus and Buddhists have lived together in harmony for centuries. The Temple of Pashupatinath is the most sacred Hindu shrine and one of the four most important sites in the world for Shiva worshippers. Lord Buddha, the light of Asia, was born in Lumbini in Nepal's southern plains, which makes this a sacred pilgrimage destination for the Buddhists as well. In fact, many Nepalese combine Hindu and Buddhist practices; many temples and shrines are shared between the two faiths, and some deities are worshipped by both Hindus and Buddhists.

e. The Kathmandu Valley is the richest cultural heritage centre of Nepal. The three ancient cities of the Valley Patan, Kathmandu and Bhaktapur represent an epitome of harmony in urban design, elegant architecture and refined culture. These cities are famous for religious monuments unequalled in the world. The seven monument zones situated within the Valley have been named as World Heritage Sites by UNESCO.

f. Many festivals add dazzling colour to Nepal's vibrant culture, which are celebrated throughout the year. Dasain or dusherra is celebrated nationwide in October. This is the most important of all Nepalese celebrations and includes the biggest animal sacrifice of the year. Tihar is celebrated in November. Other festivals include the Holi and Chaitra Daisan. Some Hindu festivals are the Haribodhini Ekadashi, Maha Sivaratri and the Krishna Jayanti. There are Buddhist celebrations too and those include Mani Rimd, Buddha Jayanti and Losar, which marks the Tibetan New Year.

B. The passage has six paragraphs (a-f). Choose the most suitable headings for paragraphs (a-f) from the list of headings below. There are more headings in the box than the paragraphs, so you will not use all of them.

C. For each phrase below choose the meaning that is closest to the meaning used in the passage.

1. tropical lowland -
a. an area of land having humid climate
b. a land situated on the hill
с. a low land close to river
d. a land that lies at the foot of a hill

2. temperate climate -
a. a weather condition of high temperature
b. a moderate climate
c. a climate with high rainfall
d. a climate that is uncomfortable to live in

3. ethnic groups -
a. groups based on their religious faiths
b. groups of people living in the hills-tracts

c. groups having distinct racial and cultural features
d. groups who believe in Buddhism

4. pilgrimage destination -
a. a sacred place where people travel to perform religious rites.
b. a historical place with many old buildings.
c. a tourist spot of great scenic beauty.
d. the birthplace of a famous person.

5. elegant architecture -
a. temples of gods
b. graceful work of building crafts
c. buildings of historical importance
d. well-designed area of cultural acts

D. Answer the following questions.
1. How many ethnic groups are there in Nepal?
2. What do you know about the weather of Nepal?
3. "Many Nepalese combine Hindu and Buddhist practices."- Explain this statement with examples from the passage.
4. Which three cities of Nepal will you visit in order to see the rich samples of Nepal's cultural heritage sites?
5. Make a list of the festivals that are celebrated in Nepal.
6. Give at least three reasons why you might be interested to visit Nepal.
Also make a list of the places you would love to visit in Nepal.

E. Look at the advertisement of a package tour to Nepal.

Now, discuss if the following statements are True/False. Give the correct information if a statement is false.
a. The package includes the cost of travelling from Kathmandu airport to the hotel in Kathmandu.
b. The tourists will be provided with breakfast, lunch and dinner.
c. The tourists do not have to pay extra for a half-day sightseeing in Pokhara.
d. The tour operators will bear all visa related costs.
e. The tourists will go to Pokhara from Kathmandu by domestic airlines flights.

F. Imagine that you have chosen the package tour shown in E to visit Kathmandu and Pokhara. Now, write a letter to your friend highlighting the main attractions offered by the package. In your letter you should cover the following points:

• Duration of travel
• Means of transport used:

                                      1) Dhaka-Kathmandu-Dhaka

                                      2) Kathmandu-Pokhara-Kathmandu

• Accommodation facilities
• Breakfast, lunch and dinner
• Total cost of the package
• Any other cost that is not covered by the package offer